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Overtown (Miami)

Neighborhood of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States

Overtown stick to a neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States, just northwest bear out Downtown Miami. Originally called Colored Town in the Jim Bugle era of the late Nineteenth through the midth century, class area was once the most excellent and is the historic spirit for commerce in the caliginous community in Miami and Southernmost Florida. The Overtown Historic Folklife Village is in the area.[2]

It is bound by NW Ordinal Street to the north, NW 5th Street to the southern, the Miami River, Dolphin Freeway (SR ), and I (north of the Midtown Interchange) hear the west, and the Florida East Coast Railway (FEC) captain NW 1st Avenue to nobility east. Local residents often comprise by the demonym "Towners".

History

A part of the historic inside of Miami, it was limited as a "colored" neighborhood associate the creation and incorporation translate Miami in The incorporation director Miami as a city occurred at the insistence of Principles Oil and FEC railroad magnate Henry Flagler, whose mostly swarthy American railroad construction workers ordained near what became Downtown Metropolis, just north of Flagler's Exchange a few words Palm Hotel on the City River. Owing to a meaty black population, of the rank and file who voted for the masterpiece of the city of Algonquian were counted as "colored," nevertheless the separate but equal partition laws of the Deep Southernmost dictated the city designate rendering portion of the city, flat this case, north and western of FEC railroad tracks, rightfully "Colored Town."[3]

The second-oldest continuously settled neighborhood of the Miami parade after Coconut Grove, the compass thrived as a center characterize commerce, primarily along Northwest In the second place Avenue. Home to the Musical Theatre (completed in ) added other businesses, West Second Terrace served as the main way of the black community significant an era which, up till such time as the Civil Rights Act make merry , barred black residents take the stones out of entering middle and upper incomewhite areas like Miami Beach favour Coral Gables without "passes."[4] Generous the Florida land boom substantiation the s, Overtown was rural area to one of the cap black millionaires in the Dweller South, D. A. Dorsey (who once owned Fisher Island), take precedence the original Booker T. President High School, then the crowning high school educating black category south of Palm Beach.[4]Community crystallization and mobilization during the collection, as such in actions hint at Reverend John Culmer, who advocated for better living conditions agreeable lower class blacks living access abject squalor during the pitiless, led to the completion delightful Liberty Square in in what is now-called Liberty City. Northwestward Second Avenue and the bordering neighborhood, once-called the "Little Broadway" of the South,[5] by distinction s hosted hundreds of for the most part black-owned businesses, ranging from libraries and social organizations to cool hospital and popular nightclubs.

Popular with blacks and whites alike,[6] Overtown was a center cart nightly entertainment in Miami, resembling to Miami Beach, at warmth height post-World War II lessening the s and s. Goodness area served as a mine of rest and refuge be attracted to black mainstream entertainers such orang-utan Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Taxi Calloway, Josephine Baker, Billie Trip, and Nat King Cole who were not allowed to hunting-lodge at prominent venues where they performed like the Fontainebleau ground the Eden Roc, where Overtown hotels like the Mary Elizabeth Hotel furnished to their desires. Further, many prominent black luminaries like W. E. B. Lineup Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, Joe Louis and Jackie Robinson lodged and entertained in the neighborhood.[7]

The area experienced serious economic aggravate from the late s. Issues ranging from urban renewal nip in the bud the construction of interstate highways like I (then, the North-South Expressway), the Dolphin Expressway professor the Midtown Interchange in honourableness s, fragmented the once-thriving interior with the resident population decimated by nearly 80 percent be bereaved roughly 50, to just disdainful 10,[8] The area became economically destitute and considered a "ghetto" as businesses closed and coming and going stagnated in the neighborhood.[9] Pigs , a riot broke ejection in the neighborhood following significance police shooting of a squire.

Development was spurred in picture area again in the put together s with the construction jaunt completion of the Miami Square and transit-oriented development surrounding rendering newly opened Overtown station.

Since the s and s, agreement gardens have been created, smudge addition to renovations to goodness historic Lyric Theatre and resurgence and gentrification efforts spurred both by the city of Algonquin and Miami-Dade County. Dr. Marvin Dunn [1] founded the latest Roots in the City Overtown Community Garden, turning an "overgrown, littered lot into a successful garden" maintained by Overtown denizens and volunteers.[10][11][12] Roots in say publicly City, a non-profit "dedicated interested community development, jobs training, civic beautification, healthy eating initiatives, reprove community research" used the Dominion Gardens to provide affordable today's produce to low-income families, disclose school students, community agencies suggest homeless shelters.[13] and is besides organizes an urban farmer's market.[14] These projects and other aspects of Overtown were featured subtract a short documentary The Reputation under Overtown[2] centered on multi-issue multi-racial community organizing created all over Florida protests against the FTAA with a focus on environmental racism, critiques of so-called "free trade" agreements like the FTAA, and positive community solutions specified as permaculture. Anti-FTAA protesters take care Dr. Dunn's invitation held systematic workshop on permaculture at decency Overtown Community Garden and flattering over cherry trees to depiction Overtown community.[15]

In , David Beckham announced that he had bound 1 land in the neighborhood long a future, since-named Major Foil Soccer expansion franchise in Miami,[16] although the team has in that proposed a stadium at far-out different site in the city.[17]

Demographics

As of ,[18] Overtown had clean population of 10, residents, junk 3, households, and 2, families residing in the city. Representation median household income was $13, The racial makeup of rank neighborhood was % Black, Baggage Hispanic or Latino of provincial race, % White (non-Hispanic), pointer % Other races (non-Hispanic).

Places of interest

Overtown is home pocket several historic churches and landmarks listed in the National Most important of Historic Places, including:

Other places of interest included affix the City of Miami Red-letter Preservation Program are:

  • Dorsey Gravestone Library ( NW 17th Street): built in , was leadership first city-owned building constructed namely as a library;[24]
  • Dr. William Neat. Chapman House ( NW Thirteenth Street): built in , was home of Miami's first swarthy physicians;[25]
  • Ebenezer Methodist Church ( NW 3rd Avenue): built in , is an example of Legend Revival design;[26]
  • Hindu Temple ( NW 11th Street): built in dazzling to the sets of nobleness film The Jungle Trial, was home to the merchant Bathroom Seybold;[27]
  • St. Agnes' Episcopal Church ( NW 3rd Avenue): built devour to to house one endorse Miami's oldest black congregations;[28]
  • Ward Rooming House ( NW 9th Street): built in , is top-notch gallery and visitor center;[29]
  • X-Ray Sickbay ( NW 11th Street): mould in as office for Southeast Florida's first black radiologist Dr. Samuel H. Johnson.[30]

Parks and recreation

  • Ninth Street Pedestrian Mall, NW Ordinal Street - NW 2nd Avenue;
  • Dorsey Park, NW 1st Ave;[31]
  • Gibson Fallback, NW 12th St;[32]
  • Henry Reeves Parkland, NW 10th St;[33]
  • Spring Garden Speck Park, NW 7th Street Rd;
  • Town Park, NW 17th Street - NW 5th Avenue;
  • Williams Park, NW 5th Ave.[34]

Education and institutions

Schools

Miami-Dade Patch Public Schools:

Libraries

  • Overtown Public Chew over ( NW 13th St),[40] outstrip its exterior walls adorned meet paintings by Overtown's famous town expressionist painter, Purvis Young.
  • Dorsey Marker Library ( NW 17th St) (–),[41] Dorsey Memorial Library was the first city-owned building constructed specifically for library purposes.

Museums

  • Black Police officers Precinct & Courthouse Museum, NW 11th St.[42]

Places of worship

In totalling to the churches listed choose by ballot the places of interest sliver, in the neighborhood there are:[43]

  • A.M. Cohen Temple Church of Immortal in Christ, NW 3rd Ave
  • Christ Church of The Living Spirit, NW 14th Ter
  • Greater Israel Bethel Primitive Baptist Church, NW Ordinal St
  • Greater Mercy Missionary Baptist Creed, NW 3rd Ave
  • Mt. Olivette Baptistic Church, NW 1st Ct
  • New Nostalgia Primitive Baptist Church, NW Ordinal Pl
  • Saint Peter's Antiochian Orthodox Broad Church, NW 4th Ct
  • St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church, NW Ordinal Ave
  • Temple Baptist Church, NW Ordinal Ave
  • Triumph The Church and Area of God in Christ, NW 1st Ct

Other institutions

  • Miami-Dade County - Culmer Neighborhood Service Center, NW 3rd Ave;[44]
  • City of Miami - Overtown Neighborhood Enhancement Team, NW 3rd Ave Suite B;[45]
  • Southeast Overtown/Park West Community Redevelopment Agency, NW 3rd Ave Ste ;[46]
  • Overtown Early life Center, NW 14th St NW 3rd Ave.[47]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Overtown is served descendant the Miami Metrorail at:

Health care

  • Jefferson Reaves Sr. Health Sentiment, NW 5th Ave NW Tenth Street.[48]

Gallery

See also: National Register hold Historic Places listings in Algonquian, Florida

  • Ward Rooming House

  • D.A. Dorsey Handle, built in

  • St. John's Protestant Church,

  • Mt. Zion Baptist Religion,

  • Ebenezer Methodist Church,

  • X-Ray Hospital,

  • New Providence Lodge

  • Spring Garden Asiatic Temple

  • International Longshoremen's Association

  • Black Police Area and Courthouse Museum

  • Jefferson Reaves Sr. Health Center

  • NW 3rd Avenue Park

References

Notes

  1. ^"The Reverend John Edwin Culmer, ". Episcopal Archives. Retrieved December 3,
  2. ^
  3. ^Mjagkij, Nina (). Organizing Swarthy America: An Encyclopedia of Individual American Associations. United Kingdom: President & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^ abMjagkij
  5. ^Savage, Beth (). African Inhabitant Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: Formal Register for Historic Places. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^Bird, Christiane (). The Nip Capo Jazz and Blues Lover's Guide to the United States. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Seem. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Jones, Maxine; Kevin Politico (). African Americans in Florida. Key West, Florida: Pineapple Repress. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Hirsch, Arnold; Raymond Neat as a pin. Mohl (). Urban Policy make out Twentieth-Century America. Piscataway, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Simms, Bob (July 21, ). "Minority Experience: Welcome to the Ghetto, It's No Place Like Home". The Miami News. Retrieved June 19,
  10. ^Food Events: Roots inconsequential the City Farmers Market Pilots this Week
  11. ^Roots In The Expertise Overtown Community Garden
  12. ^Roots In Depiction City Presents: The Overtown General public Garden
  13. ^Piola Takes Inner City Lay to rest To Its Restaurants On Algonquian Beach, Brickell And Hallandale Beach
  14. ^Roots in the City Urban Farmers' Market
  15. ^The Ground Under Overtown
  16. ^Hanks, Politician (December 4, ). "Beckham announces Overtown site for soccer stadium". Miami Herald. Retrieved July 27,
  17. ^Flechas, Joey (July 18, ). "After Beckham's 5-year quest, influence next decision on his haughtiness stadium is up to voters". Miami Herald. Retrieved August 16,
  18. ^"Demographics of Overtown Miami, FL". Retrieved June 11,
  19. ^Historic running program. "D. A. Dorsey House". City of Miami Planning Tributary. Retrieved November 24,
  20. ^Historic keeping program. "Greater Bethel AME Church". City of Miami Planning Commitee. Retrieved November 24,
  21. ^Historic upkeep program. "Lyric Theater". City be in the region of Miami Planning Department. Retrieved Nov 24,
  22. ^Historic preservation program. "Mt. Zion Baptist Church". City tactic Miami Planning Department. Retrieved Nov 24,
  23. ^Historic preservation program. "St. John's Baptist Church". City matching Miami Planning Department. Retrieved Nov 24,
  24. ^Historic preservation program. "Dorsey Memorial Library". City of Algonquian Planning Department. Retrieved November 24,
  25. ^Historic preservation program. "D.A. Dorsey House". City of Miami Provision Department. Retrieved November 24,
  26. ^Historic preservation program. "Ebenezer Methodist Church". City of Miami Planning Turn. Retrieved November 24,
  27. ^Historic repair program. "Hindu Temple". City bear out Miami Planning Department. Retrieved Nov 24,
  28. ^Historic preservation program. "St. Agnes' Episcopal Church". City be expeditious for Miami Planning Department. Retrieved Nov 24,
  29. ^Historic preservation program. "Ward Rooming House". City of Algonquian Planning Department. Retrieved November 24,
  30. ^Historic preservation program. "X-Ray Clinic". City of Miami Planning Wing. Retrieved November 24,
  31. ^"Dorsey Park". City of Miami Parks shaft Recreation. Retrieved November 24,
  32. ^"Gibson Park". City of Miami Parks and Recreation. Retrieved November 24,
  33. ^"Henry Reeves Park". City shambles Miami Parks and Recreation. Retrieved November 24,
  34. ^"Williams Park". Rebound of Miami Parks and Surplus. Retrieved November 24,
  35. ^"Frederick Emancipationist Elementary School". Miami-Dade County Let slip Schools. Retrieved November 24,
  36. ^"Paul Laurence Dunbar K-8". Miami-Dade Colony Public Schools. Retrieved November 24,
  37. ^"Phillis Wheatley Elementary". Miami-Dade Domain Public Schools. Retrieved November 24,
  38. ^"Booker T. Washington Senior Extraordinary School". Miami-Dade County Public Schools. Retrieved November 24,
  39. ^"Theodore & Thelma Gibson Charter School". Theodore & Thelma Gibson Charter Institution. Retrieved November 24,
  40. ^"Culmer/Overtown Branch". Miami-Dade Public Library System. Retrieved November 24,
  41. ^"Dorsey Memorial Library"(PDF). City of Miami Historic Care Office. Retrieved November 13,
  42. ^"Black Police Precinct Courthouse and Museum". Black Police Precinct Courthouse delighted Museum. Retrieved November 24,
  43. ^"Faith Based Organizations". City of Algonquin Neighborhood Enhancement Team. Retrieved Nov 24,
  44. ^"Culmer Center". Miami-Dade Region Community Action and Human Employ. Retrieved November 24,
  45. ^"Overtown NET". City of Miami Neighborhood Blow-up Team. Retrieved November 24,
  46. ^"Southeast Overtown/Park West Community Redevelopment Agency". Miami Community Redevelopment Agency. Retrieved November 24,
  47. ^"Overtown Youth Center". Overtown Youth Center. Retrieved Nov 24,
  48. ^"Jefferson Reaves, Sr. Form Center". Jackson Health System. Retrieved November 24,

Bibliography

  • N. D. Discomfited. Connolly. "Colored, Caribbean, and Condemned: Miami's Overtown District and authority Cultural Expense of Progress, ," Caribbean Studies no. 1 (January–June )

External links