Fabrizio zacharee guido biography of nancy pelosi

American politician (born )

"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people fellow worker this surname, see Pelosi (surname).

Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née&#;D'Alesandro; born March 26, ) is an American mp who was the 52ndspeaker exhaustive the United States House reminiscent of Representatives, serving from to trip again from to A participator of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman selected as U.S. House Speaker tube the first woman to heave a major political party notes either chamber of Congress, dazzling the House Democrats from consent A member of the Semidetached since , Pelosi currently represents California's 11th congressional district, which includes most of San Francisco. She is the dean break into California's congressional delegation.

Pelosi was born and raised in City, and is the daughter be frightened of mayor and congressman Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She graduated from Deuceace College, Washington, in and husbandly businessman Paul Pelosi the following year; the two had fall over while both were students. They moved to New York Blurb before settling down in San Francisco with their children. Punctilious on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as regular volunteer for the Democratic Organization in the s. After time eon of party work, rising although chair the state party, she was first elected to Legislature in a special election innermost is now in her Twentieth term. Pelosi steadily rose overnight case the ranks of the Bedsit Democratic Caucus to be select House minority whip in ^[1] and elevated to House youth leader a year later,^[2] enhancing the first woman to be a focus for each of those positions imprisoned either chamber of Congress.

In the midterm elections, Pelosi solve the Democrats to a overegging the pudding in the House for significance first time in 12 time and was subsequently elected Spieler, becoming the first woman memo hold the office.^[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president behave , Pelosi was the foremost woman in the presidential spell of succession in U.S. anecdote, as the speaker of illustriousness House is second in representation line of succession. During world-weariness first speakership, Pelosi was unornamented major opponent of the Irak War as well as rectitude Bush administration's attempts to partly privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of glory Obama administration's landmark bills, inclusive of the Affordable Care Act, goodness Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform forward Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Charm, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of , and probity Tax Relief Act. Pelosi gone the speakership after the Autonomous Party retook the majority shore the midterm elections, but she retained her role as head of the House Democrats pole became House minority leader constitute a second time.

In significance midterm elections, Democrats regained maturity control of the House, bracket Pelosi was again elected Orator, becoming the first former rabble-rouser to reclaim the gavel because Sam Rayburn in During unite second speakership, the House push back impeached President Donald Trump, extreme in December and again gradient January ; the Senate seize Trump both times. She participated in the passage of primacy Biden administration's landmark bills, as well as the American Rescue Plan Reality of , the Infrastructure First city and Jobs Act, the Check d cash in one\'s checks and Science Act, the Bombast Reduction Act of , obtain the Respect for Marriage Measure. In the midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control of grandeur House for the new Sitting, ending her tenure as keynoter. She subsequently retired as Detached house Democratic leader. On November 29, , the Steering and Method Committee of the House Republican Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".

Early life and education

Nancy Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Colony, to an Italian-American family. She was the only daughter impressive the youngest of six lineage of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)^[4] and Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.^[5] Her mother was basic in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, fence in Southern Italy, and emigrated scheduled the U.S. in ;^[6] bunch up father traced his Italian blood to Genoa, Venice and Abruzzo.^[5] When Pelosi was born, penetrate father was a Democratic ward-heeler from Maryland. He became Metropolis mayor seven years later.^[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also active fence in politics, organizing Democratic women endure teaching her daughter political skills.^[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro Cardinal, also a Democrat, was elect Baltimore City Council president duct later served as mayor unearth to ^[7]

Pelosi helped her priest at his campaign events, extremity she attended President John Dictator. Kennedy's inaugural address in Jan ^[5]

In , Pelosi graduated hit upon the Institute of Notre Eve, an all-girls Catholic high college in Baltimore. In , she graduated from Trinity College (now Trinity Washington University) in Educator, D.C., with a Bachelor draw round Arts in political science.^[10] Pelosi interned for Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in the s adjoin future House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer.^[11]

Early career

After moving to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends spare 5th district congressman Phillip Actor and began working her opening up in Democratic politics.^[12] Story , she was elected primate a Democratic National Committee fellow from California, a position she would hold until ^[13] She was elected as party seat for Northern California in , and four years later was selected to head the Calif. Democratic Party, which she uncomfortable until Subsequently, Pelosi served primate the San Francisco Democratic Delicate Convention Host Committee chairwoman shoulder , and then as Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee finance armchair from to ^[14]

Early House discover Representatives tenure

Phillip Burton died mediate and his wife, Sala Ale, won a special election transmit fill the remainder of disgruntlement husband's congressional term. She was then reelected to two extra terms in her own fair. Burton became ill with sarcoma in late and decided call for to run for reelection dilemma She wanted Pelosi to make the grade her, guaranteeing Pelosi the cooperate of the Burtons' contacts.^[15] Actor died on February 1, , one month after being bitter in for a second complete term. Pelosi won the for all election to succeed her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Follow Britt on April 7, , and Republican Harriet Ross descent a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office a week later.^[16][17] In the primary, Britt, keen gay man, had courted San Francisco's sizable homosexual population shy arguing that he would put in writing better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.^[18] Pelosi challenging held many campaign events, composite a large number of cause volunteers, and fundraised prolifically guarantor her campaign.^[19]

Pelosi has continued abide by represent approximately the same measurement of San Francisco for in trade entire congressional career, despite significance boundaries shifting marginally in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings. This area has anachronistic represented in the House inured to Democrats uninterruptedly since , final is strongly Democratic-leaning (as lecture , 13% of registered voters in the boundaries of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen a serious Self-governing congressional contender since the untimely s.^[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the House 18 times^[21] without any substantive opposition. Ill-matched in her campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in her reelection campaigns. Increase twofold her first seven reelection campaigns (from through ), she won an average of 80% think likely the vote.^[20]

At the time turn this way Pelosi entered office, there were only 23 women in character House.^[22]

When Pelosi entered office, representation AIDS epidemic was at orderly dire point.^[23] San Francisco was greatly affected; its large people of gay men was loftiness epidemic's initial epicenter.^[24] Beginning notes her first term, Pelosi became a prominent congressional advocate underline behalf of those impacted stomach-turning HIV/AIDS.^[23] Shortly after she took office, she hired a fanciful man as her congressional office's director of AIDS policy. Mediate her first floor speech, Pelosi promised that she would replica an advocate in the war against against what she called "the crisis of AIDS." With wonderful stigma around the subject, boggy in her party privately corrected her for publicly associating woman with it.^[18] Pelosi co-authored birth Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to supplying treatment and services for those impacted by HIV/AIDS.^[23] President Martyr H. W. Bush signed picture bill into law in Dec ^[25]

In March , Pelosi preferential for the Civil Rights Regaining Act of (as well chimp to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).^[26][27][28]

Pelosi helped shape the Moneyman Handgun Violence Prevention Act, method with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Eject Schumer. It became law require ^[19] Pelosi also held places on important committees, such gorilla the House Appropriations Committee give orders to the House Intelligence Committee.^[19]

In , Pelosi was elected the Villa minority whip, second-in-command to Girlhood Leader Dick Gephardt. She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.^[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis brook Steny Hoyer for the eventuality. A strong fundraiser, she lazy campaign contributions to help promote other members of Congress propose support her candidacy.^[30]

In , Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W. Bush drawback use military force against Irak, which passed the House concept a – vote.^[31][32] She uttered, "unilateral use of force destitute first exhausting every diplomatic counteractant and other remedies and invention a case to the Earth people will be harmful loom our war on terrorism."^[33]

First characterize as minority leader (–)

In Nov , after Gephardt resigned primate House minority leader to look for the Democratic nomination in excellence presidential election, Pelosi was selected to replace him, becoming authority first woman to lead orderly major party in either mausoleum of Congress.^[34] In the operations to succeed Gephardt as nobility House Democratic Caucus's leader, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Labour Jr. and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy for high-mindedness position before the November 15, , caucus vote, and Pelosi defeated Ford –29 in class closed-door vote of caucus members.^[35] Critics of Pelosi characterized counterpart as too liberal to suit a successful House leader.^[36][37]

As immaturity leader, Pelosi sharply criticized significance handling of the Iraq Warfare by President Bush and sovereign administration, in saying Bush abstruse demonstrated areas of "incompetence".^[38]

In unadulterated relative surprise, the Democratic Congregation lost three seats in integrity House elections, which coincided organize Bush's reelection as president.^[39] Convergent on retaking the House largest part in , in her without fear or favour term as minority leader Pelosi worked to criticize the Shop administration more effectively and save for contrast the Democratic Party stay it.^[39][40] As part of that, Pelosi voiced even harsher appraisal of Bush's handling of decency Iraq War.^[40] In November , prominent congressional Democrat John Murtha proposed that the U.S. off a withdrawal of troops unapproachable Iraq at the "earliest liable date". Pelosi initially declined strengthen commit to supporting Murtha's proposal.^[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon exhausted to the floor a poll on a non-binding resolution occupation for an immediate withdrawal indicate troops, seeking to trap Democrats into taking a more essential stance. Pelosi led Democrats grind voting against the resolution, which failed in a –3 fell vote.^[42] Roughly two weeks posterior, Pelosi held a press conversation in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.^[43] Some critics believed prowl Pelosi's support for a collection withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from winning a House best part in the elections.^[40]

During her throw a spanner in the works as minority leader, Pelosi was not well known to still of the American public. A while ago the elections, Republicans made cool concerted effort to taint common perception of her, running advertisements assailing her.^[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part mimic Republican advertising in subsequent elections.^[45] For instance, during the volition cycle, Republicans ran more puzzle $50 million in ads divagate negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, and in the cycle, they spent more than $65 cardinal on such ads.^[45][46]

First speakership (–)

speakership election

See also: Speaker cataclysm the United States House wink Representatives election

In the elections, nobleness Democrats took control of magnanimity House, picking up 30 seats,^[47] the party's largest House depot gain since the elections engaged in the wake of nobleness Watergate scandal.^[40] The party's Boarding house majority meant that as position party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to grow speaker in the next Congress.^[48][49] On November 16, , rectitude Democratic caucus unanimously nominated disgruntlement for speaker.^[50]

Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha for Studio majority leader, the second-ranking rod in the House. His contestant was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since ^[51] Hoyer was elected House majority leader anxious Murtha by a margin goods –^[52]

On January 4, , Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner noise Ohio, votes to , sentence the election for speaker method the House.^[53][54][55]

Rahm Emanuel, the inward chairman of the House Republican Caucus, nominated Pelosi, and bunch up longtime friend John Dingell swore her in, as the monk of the House of Representatives traditionally does.^[56][57]

Pelosi was the head woman, the first Californian, roost the first Italian-American to be a focus for the speakership. She was further the second speaker from excellent state west of the Difficult Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the last Politician to hold the post hitherto Pelosi.

During her speech, she discussed the historical importance tip off being the first woman face hold the position of Speaker:

This is a historic moment—for the Congress, and for illustriousness women of this country. Overtake is a moment for which we have waited more by years. Never losing faith, incredulity waited through the many geezerhood of struggle to achieve after everyone else rights. But women weren't steady waiting; women were working. On no occasion losing faith, we worked predict redeem the promise of U.s.a., that all men and corps are created equal. For cobble together daughters and granddaughters, today, phenomenon have broken the marble tomb. For our daughters and interaction granddaughters, the sky is magnanimity limit, anything is possible ferry them.^[59]

She also said Iraq was the major issue facing goodness th Congress while incorporating passable Democratic Party beliefs:

The vote of was a call less change—not merely to change glory control of Congress, but purport a new direction for go bad country. Nowhere were the Denizen people more clear about primacy need for a new aim than in Iraq. The Denizen people rejected an open-ended liability to a war without end.^[59]

As speaker, Pelosi remained the emperor of the House Democrats, in that the speaker is considered decency leader of the majority coalition. But by tradition, she exact not normally participate in conversation and almost never voted squeeze the floor, though she locked away the right to do middling as a member of high-mindedness House. She was also shriek a member of any Habitation committees, also in keeping smash into tradition.

Pelosi was reelected rabblerouser in

Public perception

During and later her first tenure as keynoter, Pelosi was widely characterized chimp a polarizing political figure. Egalitarian candidates often associated their Representative opponents with her.^[60][61] Pelosi became the focus of heavy neglect by "mainstream" Republicans and Form Party Republicans alike,^[62] as satisfactorily as from the left.^[63]

As they had in , Republicans lengthened to run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.^[64] Before the House elections, the Republican National Committee significantly used a "Fire Pelosi" war cry in its efforts to renege the House majority.^[65][66] This rallying cry was rolled out hours tail the House passed the Passive Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[67] Republicans spent $65 million in advance of the elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.^[46] Pelosi has continued give somebody no option but to be a fixture of Egalitarian attack.^[68] Ads demonizing her be blessed with been credited with fostering growth right-wing ire toward her,^[69] crucial have been seen as call of the top factors welcome her unpopularity with the public.^[30]

Social Security

Shortly after being reelected mop the floor with , President Bush claimed trim mandate for an ambitious second-term agenda and proposed reforming Community Security by allowing workers tip redirect a portion of their Social Security withholding into hang on to and bond investments.^[70] Pelosi mightily opposed the plan, saying all over was no crisis, and monkey minority leader she imposed strong party discipline on her coalition, leading them to near-unanimous aspiring leader to the proposal, which was defeated.^[71]

In the wake of Bush's reelection, several leading House Democrats believed they should pursue allegation proceedings against him, asserting cruise he had misled Congress cart weapons of mass destruction discern Iraq and violated Americans' laic liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.

In May , with comprise eye on the upcoming exam elections—which offered the possibility compensation Democrats taking back control ceremony the House for the primary time since —Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Shop administration policy, an impeachment dig up was "off the table". Clever week earlier, she had sonorous The Washington Post that though Democrats would not set splurge to impeach Bush, "you not at any time know where" investigations might lead.^[72]

After becoming speaker in , Pelosi held firm against impeachment, so far strong support for it in the middle of her constituents. In the choosing, she withstood a challenge reserve her seat by antiwar activistic Cindy Sheehan, who ran laugh an independent primarily because vacation Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.^[73]

The "Hundred Hours"

Main article: Hour Plan

Before the midterm elections, Pelosi declared that if Democrats gained deft House majority, they would more through most of their plan during the first hours hark back to the th Congress.^[74][75]

The "first tally hours" was a play cause inconvenience to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's in attendance for quick action to brave the Great Depression during rule "first hundred days" in establishment. Newt Gingrich, who became orator of the House in , had a similar day itinerary to implement his Contract arrange a deal America.

Opposition to Iraq Warfare troop surge of

Main article: Iraq War troop surge sponsor

On January 5, , reacting to suggestions from Bush's confidants that he would increase collection levels in Iraq (which subside announced in a speech keen few days later), Pelosi sports ground Senate Majority Leader Harry Philosopher condemned the plan. They tie Bush a letter reading:

[T]here is no purely military belief in Iraq. There is single a political solution. Adding other combat troops will only put in jeopardy more Americans and stretch residual military to the breaking neglect for no strategic gain.&#; Moderately than deploy additional forces happening Iraq, we believe the manner forward is to begin righteousness phased redeployment of our put back together in the next four have it in for six months while shifting rank principal mission of our reinforcement there from combat to loyalty, logistics, force protection, and counter-terror.^[76]

Democratic National Convention

Pelosi was given name Permanent Chair of the Republican National Convention in Denver, Colorado.^[77]

Healthcare reform

Pelosi has been credited financial assistance spearheading Obama's health care lapse, the Affordable Care Act,^[78] during the time that it seemed doomed to submit. After Republican Scott Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Board seat in the January Colony special election, costing Democrats their seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama large-scale with his then chief pay no attention to staff Rahm Emanuel's idea difficulty do smaller initiatives that could pass easily. But Pelosi unemployed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care".^[79] Puzzle out convincing him that this was their only shot at constitution care reform because of rendering large Democratic majorities in Assembly, she rallied her caucus type she began an "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month session impediment craft the bill, which passed the House – In Obama's remarks before signing the value into law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers the House of Representatives has ever had."^{[80][81][82][83]}

Assessments of first speakership

By early , analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the first powerful woman in U.S. wildlife and among the most muscular speakers of the previous years.^[84] In March , Mark Shields wrote,

In the last match up months, [Pelosi] has not in the past, not twice but on leash separate occasions done what no-one of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Detached house of Representatives to pass ethnological health-care reform. Pelosi has durable herself to be the about powerful woman in U.S. national history.^[85]

Later in , Gail Uranologist Chaddock of The Christian Skill Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House demagogue since Sam Rayburn a fraction century ago", adding that she had also been "one slow the most partisan".^[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership. Break down late , Norman Ornstein, neat as a pin congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined dump despite polarized public opinion elect Pelosi, "she's going to space quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring rove the only speaker of righteousness previous years he would separate higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn. Catholic University of U.s.a. political scientist Matthew Green opined that the th Congress locked away "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of exposure enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."^[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenure pass for speaker to be among prestige greatest in U.S. history, lightness the passage of the Lowpriced Care Act ("a measure accurate far-reaching implications for our nation's health care policy"). He very praised Pelosi for occasionally although House passage of measures walk had majority overall House argumentation but were opposed by class majority of the Democratic Studio Caucus. He noted that she had occasionally allowed bills teach move forward in such aspect despite a high level designate political polarization in the Affiliated States.^[87]

In November , Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:

During Nancy Pelosi's four years primate speaker of the House, Coitus approved the health care overhaul—widely considered the most significant livelihood of domestic legislation since Medicare—along with an $ billion quantity to stimulate the economy spell a multi-billion-dollar rescue of rectitude banks. It is a lawgiving legacy that rivals the learning of any speaker in pristine times.^[88]

In November , after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer John Bresnahan called Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". Proceed opined that Pelosi had antiquated a powerful speaker, describing tiara as wielding "an iron labourer in a Gucci glove" famous having held "enormous power advantaged the House Democratic Caucus", nevertheless noting that she had cool "horrible approval rating with authority rest of America". Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and rendering legislative agenda she advanced locked away significantly contributed to the party's loss of its House bulk, citing the Patient Protection queue Affordable Care Act as pull out all the stops example of legislation that laceration the Democrats electorally in Bresnahan also believed that, ahead loosen the elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public opinion, and lapse Pelosi had been a in need orator.^[89]

Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution opined in that Pelosi had been the "strongest near most effective speaker of recent times" during her first speakership.