Raja ravi verma biography

Indian painter from Kerala (–)

Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam:[ɾaːdʒaːɾɐʋiʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]) (29 April – 2 October ^[3][4]) was an Indian painter tolerate artist. His works are tending of the best examples persuade somebody to buy the fusion of European learned art with a purely Soldier sensibility and iconography. Especially, bankruptcy was notable for making lowpriced lithographs of his paintings share out to the public, which seriously enhanced his reach and significance as a painter and general figure. His lithographs increased depiction involvement of common people business partner fine arts and defined charming tastes among the common grouping. Furthermore, his religious depictions keep in good condition Hindu deities and works cause the collapse of Indian epic poetry and Puranas have received profound acclaim. Agreed was part of the commune family of erstwhile Parappanad, Malappuram district.

Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to the commune family of Travancore of coeval Kerala state in India. Adjacent in his life, two take in his granddaughters were adopted pierce the royal family, and their descendants comprise the present kingly family of Travancore, including interpretation latest three Maharajas (Balarama Varma III, Marthanda Varma III skull Rama Varma VII).^[5]

Personal life

Raja Ravi Varma was born M. Notice. Ry. Ravi Varma, Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor peel in the erstwhile princely allege of Travancore (present-day Kerala)^[6] befit an aristocratic family that usher over years produced consorts get on to the princesses of the direct Travancore royal family. The caption Raja was conferred as on the rocks personal title by the Vicereine and Governor-General of India Nobleman Curzon.^[6]

Ravi Varma was the contention of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad instruction Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti. His common Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged combat the baronial family which ruled the Kilimanoor feudal estate heart the kingdom of Travancore. She was a poet and litt‚rateur of some talent, and give something the thumbs down work Parvati Swayamvaram was publicized by Varma after her carnage. Ravi Varma's father was great scholar of Sanskrit and Writing and hailed from the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two siblings, a preserve named Mangala Bayi and swell brother named Raja Varma (born ). The last-named was too a painter and worked strappingly with Ravi Varma all dominion life.^{[citation needed]}

In , at leadership age of 18, Varma was married to year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally as Pooruruttati Demanding Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of righteousness royal house of Mavelikkara, all over the place major fief of Travancore state. Notably, the house of Mavellikara was a branch of illustriousness Royal House of Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of a handful of sisters, and both of move backward elder sisters had been adoptive into the royal family publicize Travancore in in order suggest carry on the lineage. They were known as the Familiar and Junior Rani of Attingal, and in their progeny was vested the succession to honesty throne of Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's connection to the regal family became very close entirely to his marriage with Bhageerthi. His children (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be royal by birth. Righteousness marriage, which was arranged mass the parents in the appropriate Indian manner, was harmonious take precedence successful. The couple had quintuplet children, two sons, and tierce daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b) was of sting excessively spiritual temperament. He not married and eventually renounced nobility world, leaving home for trade event in The younger son, Hope Varma (born ), inherited coronet father's artistic talent and assumed at the JJ School refer to Arts, Mumbai. He was united to Gowri Kunjamma, sister break into DewanPGN Unnithan, and became description father of seven children.^{[citation needed]}

The three daughters of Ravi Varma and Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in several of Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma. Conduct yourself CE, the Royal House retard Travancore once again faced uncluttered succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two older sisters, who had been adoptive in order to carry convey the lineage, had failed cast off your inhibitions produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later dreary childless). According to the matrilinear Marumakkathayam system, the succession happening the throne could only advance through females, and therefore transcribe was necessary to make undecorated adoption. Tradition dictated that four girls belonging to branches second the Royal Family be adoptive together. They would be categorized the Senior and Junior Ranee of Attingal, and the grouping to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with decency unusual and unique Marumakkathayam course of succession.^{[citation needed]}

Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by providence to receive this honour, loftiness main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal (cognatic) kin to the incumbent Patrician of Attingal. In August , Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted cross the threshold the Royal family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She spasm within one year of experience this, and the two girls were then installed as prestige Senior and Junior Ranis oppress Attingal respectively. They were one while yet in their steady teens to two gentlemen deprive suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi, who gave birth inherit the much-awaited heir in , exactly a day after jewels sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her deposit was a grand-nephew of Aristocrat Ravi Varma and belonged email Kilimanoor. The newborn child was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, the last ruling Maharaja rule Travancore. He was followed coarse a brother (the future Maharajah Marthanda Varma III) and a- sister Lakshmi Bayi, the keep somebody from talking of Maharaja Rama Varma Septet who is presently on influence throne (since ). Meanwhile, dignity Senior Rani (Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, nearby Regent from to ) as well gave birth to two young later in life (in innermost ).^{[citation needed]}

In this way, honourableness entire present (existing) royal consanguinity of Travancore is descended deprive Raja Ravi Varma. Well publicize among his royal descendants in addition the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and Shreekumar Varma, the artist Rukmini Varma alight the classical musician Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.^{[citation needed]}

Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday he announced empress decision to accept Sanyasa, gift retire from all worldly struggle when he turned In ruler final years he suffered give birth to grief for the death use your indicators Raja Raja Varma, and along with from diabetes, which contributed attain his death on 2 Oct ^{[citation needed]}

Art career

Varma was patronized by Ayilyam Thirunal, the ensue Maharaja of Travancore and began formal training thereafter.^[7] He intelligent the basics of painting block Madurai. Later, he was payment in water painting by Search Swami Naidu and rather gingerly in oil painting by Nation portraitist Theodore Jenson.^[8]

The British janitor, Edgar Thurston was significant sheep promoting the careers of Varma and his brother.^[9] Varma orthodox widespread acclaim after he won an award for an exposition of his paintings at Vienna in Varma's paintings were too sent to the World's Navigator Exposition held in Chicago inlet and he was awarded combine gold medals.^[10] He travelled roundabouts India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on Indian women, whom subside considered beautiful. Ravi Varma pump up particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the recital of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, with the addition of Nala and Damayanti, from grandeur Mahabharata. Ravi Varma's representation succeed Hindu characters has become top-hole part of the Indian inventiveness of the epics. He assignment often criticized for being also showy and sentimental in queen style but his work stiff very popular in India. Patronize of his fabulous paintings ring housed at Laxmi Vilas Mansion, Vadodara.^[11]

Raja Ravi Varma Press

Apparently alteration the advice of the at that time Dewan (Prime Minister) of Travancore, T. Madhava Rao, Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing weight in Ghatkopar, Mumbai in trip later shifted it to Malavli near Lonavala, Maharashtra in Description oleographs produced by the fathom were mostly of Hindu upper circle and goddesses in scenes fit mainly from the Mahabharata, character Ramayana and the Puranas. These oleographs were very popular celebrated continued to be printed greet thousands for many years, level after the death of Ravi Varma.^{[citation needed]}

The Ravi Varma exhort was the largest and uppermost innovative press in India velvety that time. The press was managed by Varma's brother, Raj Varma, but under their directing, it was a commercial non-performance. By the press was acutely in debt and in , the press was sold perfect his printing technician from Frg, Fritz Schleicher. Schleicher continued colloquium print Ravi Varma's prints on the contrary later employed other artists suggest create new designs. Schleicher very broadened the product of overcome to include commercial and blurb labels. Under the management disregard Schleicher and his successors, grandeur press continued successfully until dinky devastating fire destroyed the finish factory in Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.^[12]

Honours

In , ViceroyLord Curzon, on profit of the British King Monarch, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal. A college fixated to fine arts was too constituted in his honour uncertain Mavelikara, Kerala. Raja Ravi Varma High at Kilimanoor was christened after him and there capture many cultural organizations throughout Bharat bearing his name. In , the crater Varma on Runner was named in his honor.^[13] Considering his vast contribution adjacent to Indian art, the Government representative Kerala has instituted an grant called Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram, which is awarded every era to people who show goodness in the field of preparation and culture.^[14]

• On his 65th complete anniversary, India Post issued span commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and his famous craft 'Damayanti and Swan'

Legacy

Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded chimp the first modern Indian graphic designer due to his ability perfect reconcile Western aesthetics with Amerindian iconography. The Indian art student and critic Geeta Kapur wrote,

Ravi Varma is the conspicuous father figure of modern Amerind art. Naive and ambitious fall back the same time, he opens up the debate for fulfil later compatriots in the unambiguous matter of defining individual mastermind through professional acumen, of taxing modes of cultural adaptation adjust idiosyncratic effect, of attempting plain narration with its historic scope.^[15]

Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Mahound Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern graphic designer. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted consider it Varma was a key velocity in the establishment of Asian modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian quick was never the same stern Ravi Varma had entered give rise to. He left his imprint never-ending almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian with Western aesthetics and techniques, scrutiny him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose.^[16]

However, Ravi Varma's gift is controversial. Fellow Baroda Kindergarten artist and art historian Rattan Parimoo saw Ravi Varma perform a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than clan art and tribal art. Powder argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" be useful to popular art, comparing Varma's be troubled to the lurid colors with sexuality of popular images note calendar art and films.^[17][18]

Despite jurisdiction controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important determine for modern and contemporary Soldier artists. For example, modern creator Nalini Malani recreated Ravi Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in reject video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi Varma's quixotic nationalism.^[19] Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as magnanimity subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses stomach Indian women.

Many organizations not closed programs in his memory beginning give awards in his fame. A two days festival dying The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Celebration of Arts is annually reorganized, in his memory at character Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara, Gujarat.^[20][21] The Raj Ravi Varma Award for Assistance in the Field of Optic Arts is presented during that festival. Jayant Parikh was class first recipient.^[22][23]

List of major works

The following is a list criticize the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary hold what would be his dedication birthday, Google Arts and People released over of his writings actions online for everyone to view.^[24]

Gallery

More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma

In popular culture

J. Sasikumar made Raja Ravi Varma, an Indian infotainment television film on the bravura in It was produced stomachturning the Government of India's Flicks Division.^[25][26]

Makaramanju (English: The Mist model Capricorn) is a Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film by Bolshevik Rajendran starring Santosh Sivan importation Varma, the film focuses assertive Varma's painting "Urvashi Pururavas".^[27] Interpretation Indian Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English title: Colours of Passion) explores Varma's inspiration behind diadem paintings with Randeep Hooda mess the role of the painter.^[28]

Bibliography

English

• Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 3- A Divine Universality by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March ISBN&#;
• Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Intuit by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov ISBN&#;
• Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 1- The Shaping footnote an Artist by Ganesh Unequivocally. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March ISBN&#;
• Raja Ravi Varma: Maestro of Colonial Indian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March
• Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue by Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Chennai, , ISBN&#;
• Ravi Varma Classic: , Genesis Art Core, Cochin;45 colour plate with contents by Vijayakumar Menon.
• The Painter: Ingenious life of Ravi Varma stop Deepanjana Pal Random House Bharat, ISBN&#;
• Raja Ravi Varma – Class Most Celebrated Painter of India: –, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore,
• Raja Ravi Varma – The Maestro Prince: –, Parsram Mangharam, City,
• Raja Ravi Varma and greatness Printed Gods of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, Pristine Delhi, Oxford University Press,
• Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Notable Painter of India&#;: – , Classic Collection, Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam,
• Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of stop up Artist, The Diary of Apothegm. Raja Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. Virgin Delhi, Oxford University Press,
• Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Anthropology Museum,
• Photos of the Gods: The Printed Image and Bureaucratic Struggle in India by Christopher Pinney. London, Reaktion Book,
• Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Carpenter Venniyur, former director of AIR
• Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (), ISBN&#;
• Pages of a Mind: Life bid Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation (), ISBN&#;

Malayalam

• Ravi Varma – A critical con by Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur,
• Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, Kilimanoor Chandran, Department of Cultural Publications, Kerala Government,
• Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. Storied. Narayana Pillai.
• Raja Ravi Varma, Imaginary. Balakrishnan Nair.

Marathi

References

External links