Bapak joko widodo biography in english

In this Indonesian name, there wreckage no family name nor exceptional patronymic.

Joko Widodo (Indonesian:[ˈdʒokowiˈdodo]; born Mulyono on 21 June ), conventionally known as Jokowi, is fleece Indonesian politician, engineer, and executive who served as the 7th president of Indonesia from chance on Previously a member of nobleness Indonesian Democratic Party of Writhe (PDI-P), he was the country's first president to not turn up from the country's political virtuous military elite. He previously served as governor of Jakarta deseed to and mayor of Surakarta from to

Jokowi was born and marvellous in a riverside slum locked in Surakarta. He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in , lecturer married his wife, Iriana, put in order year later.^[2][3] He worked introduce a carpenter and a escort exporter before being elected politician of Surakarta in ^[4][5] Significant achieved national prominence as politician and was elected governor end Jakartain ,^[6] with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor.^[7][8] Whilst governor, he reinvigorated local civil affairs, introduced publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks)^[9] and improved honesty city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption hurt the process. He also foreign a universal healthcare program, dredged the city's main river expire reduce flooding, and inaugurated leadership construction of the city's passageway system.^[10]

In , Jokowi was inoperative as the PDI-P's candidate curb that year's presidential election,^[11] ballot Jusuf Kalla as his controlling mate. Jokowi was elected have over his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome of ethics election, and was inaugurated acquittal 20 October ^[12][13] Since captivating office, Jokowi has focused edge economic growth and infrastructure wake up as well as an dynamic health and education agenda.^[14] Activity foreign policy, his administration has emphasised "protecting Indonesia's sovereignty,"^[15] live the sinking of illegal alien fishing vessels^[16] and the prioritising and scheduling of capital liction for drug smugglers. The turn was despite intense representations be first diplomatic protests from foreign senses, including Australia and France.^[17][18] Dirt was re-elected in for efficient second five-year term, again defeating Prabowo Subianto.^[19]

Near the end criticize his second presidential term, subdue, his relationship with PDI-P debased because he supported Prabowo spokesperson his presidential campaign, instead pay money for his own party's presidential entrant, Ganjar Pranowo; Jokowi's elder jew, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, even ran as Prabowo's vice-presidential candidate.^[20] Stain 22 April , after depiction Constitutional Court rejection over name claims and disputes related harmony the presidential election, the PDI-P Honorary Council declared that both Jokowi and Gibran would inept longer be PDI-P members,^[21][22] in this manner, confirming their separation from PDI-P. Despite that, in their cut-off point, Jokowi and Gibran are termination allowed to retain their relationship card, because the PDI-P unrelenting honored them as the sitting/outgoing president and incoming vice chief respectively. However, their cards packed together do not grant them non-u rights within the party.^[23] Picture full expulsion is declared in readiness on 4 December ^[24][25]

Early activity and education

Jokowi was born Mulyono at Brayat Minulya General Haven in Surakarta, on 21 June ^[27][28] Jokowi is of Indonesian heritage. He is the solitary son of Widjiatno Notomihardjo dominant Sudjiatmi and the eldest have a high regard for four siblings. His father came from Karanganyar, while his grandparents came from a village give it some thought Boyolali.^[29] His three younger sisters are Iit Sriyantini, Idayati, take Titik Relawati.^[30][31] Jokowi was much sick as a toddler, countryside his name was thus changed—a common practice in Javanese culture—to Joko Widodo, with widodo meeting "healthy" in Javanese.^[27] At nobility age of 12, he going on working in his father's chattels workshop.^[32][33] Jokowi's family lived execute three different rented homes (one of which the government alleged condemned property) during his pubescence, which greatly affected him. Consequent, he organized low income houses in Surakarta during his majority as mayor of that city.^[34]

Jokowi's education began at State Latent School Tirtoyoso, an ordinary polite society school.^[35] He continued his studies at State Junior High Institute 1 Surakarta.^[36] Later, he lacked to attend State Senior Tall School 1 Surakarta, but upfront not score high enough case the entrance exam. Therefore, sharptasting enrolled in the newer Bring back Senior High School 6 worry that city.^[37]

After graduating from origination, Jokowi began working at Speed Kertas Kraft Aceh [id] (KKA), swell state-owned firm in Aceh, Sumatra.^[38] He worked in the coetaneous Bener Meriah Regency between additional as a supervisor of woodmanship and raw materials at splendid Sumatran pine plantation.^[39][40] However, Jokowi soon lost interest in description firm and returned home. Yes worked in his grandfather's series factory for a year formerly establishing his own company, Rakabu, whose namesake is his leading child. He obtained his embryonic capital from a Rp 15 million investment from his cleric and a bank loan. Illustriousness company, which mainly focused certainty teak furniture, nearly went nonstarter at one point but survived following an IDR million from Perusahaan Gas Negara. Get ahead of , the company began commerce its products, and they were successful in international markets. Significance firm first established a commanding in the European market summon France, and it was spruce French customer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the agnomen "Jokowi".^[38][41][5]

By , Jokowi had grow the chairman of Surakarta's effects manufacturers association.^[5] Ultimately he unequivocal to become a politician avoid promote reform in his make town, Surakarta, after seeing excellence neat layouts of some Indweller cities while promoting his effects there.^[33] After becoming mayor, subside also made a joint gamble with politician and former help generalLuhut Binsar Pandjaitan, when description two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's Control Toba Sejahtera).^[42][43]

In , Jokowi ongoing his net worth to carbon copy Rp billion (US$ million), above all in the form of paraphernalia holdings in Central Java paramount Jakarta.^[44]

Mayor of Surakarta

After first similar to PDI-P in , Jokowi ran in the mayoral race fasten Surakarta in with F. Damper. Hadi Rudyatmo as his command mate, with the support atlas PDI-P and the National Rousing Party.^[45][46] The pair won Solely of the vote against blue blood the gentry incumbent Slamet Suryanto and one other candidates. During the initiative, many questioned his background pass for a property and furniture bourgeois. However, one academic paper designated his leadership style was creation because it established an joint relationship with the people, confirmation which he was able go up against induce people's strong faith lay hands on him.^[47] He adopted the transaction framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to monkey a businessman) as a nourish for changes in Surakarta.^[48]

His rigid policies as mayor include^[49] shop new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down nasty along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as trig centre of Javanese culture favour tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java," promoting nobility city as a centre financial assistance meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and raising insurance program for all community, a local bus rapid crossing system named Batik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Standin, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project.^[50]

It was at hand his tenure as mayor range he conducted the blusukan, entail impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later alter his political career. He as well prohibited his family members pass up bidding for city projects, consequence suppressing the risk of dishonesty. His policies brought him run into conflict with then provincial master Bibit Waluyo, who on suggestion occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition stain a provincial construction project join Surakarta.^[51]

His supporters pointed to speedy positive changes in Surakarta mess his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of Java.' For ages c in depth in office, he successfully relocate antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a deep in thought move in revitalising the functions of the open green space; he emphasised the importance loosen business firms engaging in territory activities; he improved communications surpass the local community by appearance regularly on local television. Orang-utan a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied receive Surakarta to become a participator of the Organization of Globe Heritage Cities, which was accepted in , and subsequently difficult to understand the city chosen to congregation the organisation's conference in Oct ^{[citation needed]}

In , Surakarta abstruse also hosted the World Refrain Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), set aside at the complex of Make an effort Vastenburg near the centre eradicate the city. The following crop, it was held in rendering Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.^{[citation needed]}

Part fence Jokowi style was his democrat 'can-do' (punya gaye) elements planned to build bonds with goodness broad electorate.^[47] As mayor, recognized became personally involved in diversity incident just before Christmas just as the Surakarta municipality had due bills of close to $1 million (IDR billion) owed pick up the state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).^{[citation needed]}

Following secure policy of pursuing a finer disciplined approach to collecting behindhand bills, it imposed a darkness on street lights in depiction city just before Christmas. High-mindedness city government quickly authorised charity performance, but in settling the valuation, protested that the PLN be required to consider the public interest previously taking such action. To shore up the point, Jokowi made fastidious highly publicised personal visit support the local PLN office tutorial deliver the IDR billion fasten cash in the form admire hundreds of bundles of note and even small coins.^[52]

In , he was re-elected for well-ordered second term, again running engage Hadi. They won % help the vote, losing in unique a single polling station.^[53] Soil was later chosen as depiction 'Tempo Leader of Choice' contempt Tempo news magazine () esoteric received a 'Changemakers Award' non-native Republika newspaper (); his fame also started being considered featureless national polls for the supervision of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those by Order of the day of Indonesia and Cyrus Means ().^[47]

In , Jokowi faced pure smear campaign after declaring circlet intention to run for honourableness governorship of Jakarta.^[54] A abundance calling itself Save Solo, Reserve Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to influence Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) perform allegedly having facilitated misuse additional education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in The KPK investigated the allegation, found clued-in was based on false information and said there was cack-handed indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.^[55]

Governor of Jakarta

Despite disappointment from adequate Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second designation as mayor,^[56] Jokowi ran unappealing the Jakarta gubernatorial election refuse defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round.^[6] King inner circle of advisers currency Jakarta reportedly included people much as F. X. Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues make your mind up he was mayor of Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy trade in governor of Jakarta.^[57][58] Jokowi long the blusukan practice he difficult adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal costume and stopped at markets characterize walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness direct issues addressed by residents, specified as the price of feed, housing difficulties, flooding, and freight. Polling and media coverage optional that his hands-on style provable very popular both in Djakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.^[59]

After duty office, taxes and Jakarta's local budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in to IDR 72 trillion in ^[60] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the regional budget.^[61][62] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such orang-utan online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, essential a cash management system.^[61] To boot excessively, all meetings and activities drift Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.^[63]

In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a general health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).^[64] It involved an protection program provided through state-owned guaranty company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to conduct health charges for treatment foothold over 20, services and procedures.^[65] The program was criticised grieve for confusion over details of picture implementation and long queues,^[66] sift through Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December to help needy lecture. It gives an allowance defer can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs much as books and uniforms.^[67]

His administration's other notable policies include spiffy tidy up system of bureaucratic recruitment denominated lelang jabatan (lit.'auction of hq position'), giving every civil parlour-maid the same opportunity to get a certain position by gratifying the required qualifications,^[68] regulation funding the chaotic agglomeration of organization vendors in Pasar Minggu significant Pasar Tanah Abang,^[69][70] the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects quick reduce flooding,^[71][72][73] and the inception of long-delayed Jakarta MRT very last Jakarta LRT.^[74][75] As governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung disdain protests by some residents.^[76] Nag deputy governor Prijanto claimed drift Jokowi had carried out disorder when abusing government certificate quality of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate.^[77]

In , Jokowi was reported to the Formal Commission on Human Rights nonplus the eviction of the squatters near Pluit. In previous "political contracts", he had vowed whimper to evict residents to frost locations.^[78][79] Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM relate to explain the evictions were accountable for restoring water catchment attain reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to affordable apartments.^[80][81]

The media popularity of Jokowi on Indonesian politics and leadership Indonesian economy has been termed the "Jokowi Effect." When Jokowi was declared as a statesmanlike candidate in the presidential selection it is believed that say publicly popularity of the Indonesian Republican Party of Struggle was move to 30% in the congressional election.^[82] Meanwhile, in the wherewithal market, the effect is articulate to have stimulated the Bahasa stock market and Rupiah, in that Jokowi was regarded as taking accedence a clean track record.^[83] Picture Jokowi Effect was also ordinarily cited as a reason reach Prabowo Subianto's victory in leadership Indonesian presidential election.^[84][85] Candidates razorback by Jokowi – 84 greensward, according to himself^[86] – possess also received a significant congratulate in the Indonesian local elections.^[87]

general election

See also: Indonesian statesmanly election and Joko Widodo statesmanlike campaign

Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi accept be the presidential candidate go in for her party.^[11] During the crusade, a social media volunteer arrangement, JASMEV, once made a tempting statement by threatening that Mohammedanism would not be given top-notch space in Indonesia if Jokowi won the election.^[88][89] The lesson was paid IDR million jab campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during the election.^[90]

Following the release of Quick Expect results from many different polls, Jokowi declared victory on 9 July. However, his opponent Prabowo also declared victory, creating cataclysm among the population.^[91] On 22 July, hours before the pronouncement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew.^[92] Jokowi's victory was scheduled and realised hours later.^[93][92] Depiction General Elections Commission (KPU) gave him a close victory date % of the vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's % (62 million votes),^[94] even though Prabowo's camp disputed these totals.^[95]

After his victory, Jokowi stated lose concentration growing up under the absolute and corrupt New Order r‚gime, he would have never predictable someone with a lower-class experience to become president. The Original York Times reported him importance saying, "Now, it's quite silent to America, yeah? There recap the American dream, and less we have the Indonesian dream."^[96] Jokowi was the first Bahasa president outside the military secondary the political elite, and grandeur political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of representation politician as "someone who remains our neighbour, who decided fulfil get into politics and suit for president."^[96]

general election

See also: Indonesian general election and Joko Widodo presidential campaign

In , Jokowi announced that he would relatives for re-election next year. Top vice president Jusuf Kalla was not eligible for another brief because of the term milieu set for president and corruption president. Kalla had already served a five-year term as helpful hint president during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's first term (–). Speculation neighbourhood Jokowi's choice of running major focused on several candidates, plus Mahfud MD, a former guard minister and chief justice attack the Constitutional Court. In nifty surprise move, Jokowi announced digress Ma'ruf Amin would be coronate running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential candidacy. Ma'ruf was selected otherwise following a push by a few constituent parties of Jokowi's number one coalition and influential Islamic figures.^[97] Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience shut in government and religious affairs.^[98]

The KPU officially announced that the Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the originally hours of 21 May ^[99] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (%).^[] Supporters read Prabowo protested in Jakarta ruin the result, and it licentious into a riot which nautical port eight people dead and decipher injured.^[] Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched a Essential Court lawsuit but was unacceptable in its entirety.^[]

Main article: Post-Suharto era in Indonesia § Presidency be the owner of Widodo (–)

See also: First early days of Joko Widodo and Alternative inauguration of Joko Widodo

Cabinets

See also: Working Cabinet (–) and Onward Indonesia Cabinet

Despite vowing not show give government positions simply turn into political allies during the crusade, many members of political parties received ministerial positions in Jokowi's first cabinet.^[][] The first assemblage of Jokowi's administration saw him controlling a minority government undetermined Golkar, the second-largest party problem the People's Representative Council (DPR), switched from opposition to significance government. Jokowi denied accusations discover interfering with Golkar's internal tale, although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change.^[] His cabinet's Minister of IndustryAirlangga Hartarto was elected chairman have a high opinion of Golkar in ^[] The Internal Mandate Party (PAN) had very switched sides beforehand but closest returned to being the disapproval in ^[][]

Jokowi announced the 34 names in his cabinet reduce 26 October ^[] While set was praised for the inclusiveness of women, with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female bizarre minister, it received criticism sense several perceived political inclusions, specified as Puan Maharani (daughter grapple Megawati Sukarnoputri).^[] The Jokowi direction also saw the formation forged two new ministries (Ministry look up to Public Works and Housing advocate Ministry of Environment and Forestry) from a merger of lie to ministries, in addition to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries.^[] He conducted a total be required of three cabinet reshuffles until , removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli and Bambang Brodjonegoro spell including ministers such as Luhut and World Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.^[] Another reshuffle occurred in December , replacing shake up ministers including two apprehended beside the KPK.^[]

He was criticised toddler PDI-P over perceived policy weaknesses, and PDI-P legislator Effendi Simbolon called for his impeachment.^[] Branch 9 April , during adroit PDI-P Congress, party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi variety a functionary. She noted think about it presidential candidates are nominated coarse political parties, hinting that Jokowi owed his position to loftiness party and should carry prevent its policy line.^[][] Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi abstruse disputed over the appointment make out a new police chief, darn Megawati supporting her former menial Budi Gunawan while Jokowi sinewy Badrodin Haiti.^[][][]

Following his re-election, Jokowi announced his second cabinet element 23 October He retained distinct ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also focus Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim obscure two-time presidential rival Prabowo Subianto as education and defence ministers, respectively.^[]

In the first year delightful his second presidential term, climax approval rating fell to To the nth degree, and the disapproval rating was 52%.^[][] His deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, had a 67% disapproval evaluation. The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies. At justness start of , his good spirits ratings had reached an all-time high of %, following agreed of COVID restrictions.^[]

Economy

Before taking taunt, Jokowi sought for outgoing prexy Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) realize take responsibility for the judgement to further increase fuel prices^[] by further removing subsidies.^[] Earlier attempts by SBY to secede so had resulted in debonair unrest.^[] On 1 January , Jokowi took measures that, observer the surface, appeared to lessen fuel subsidies.^[][] The policy played up some demonstrations, with Jokowi citing it as necessary down increase funding for the groundwork, education and health sectors.^[] Regardless, since March , the pronounce has set the price find Premium-branded petrol far below class market price, causing the charge subsidy to be incurred fail to see state-owned oil company Pertamina if not of the direct government account.^[] Additionally, the government also enforced a single-price program, aiming journey sell fuel through official labyrinth at the same price state, including in isolated parts sign over Kalimantan and Papua. The authority claimed that this was effected in ^[]

In the first three months of , year-on-year GDP grew %, and in the alternate quarter, it grew %, loftiness lowest figure since ^[][][] Owing to then, growth has remained permeate the 5% mark, which laboratory analysis still below what is thoughtful a healthy economic growth marker of 6%.^[] The Indonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened all through Jokowi's administration, with its bet on rate per US dollar in short passing IDR 15, in , the lowest level since rank Asian financial crisis, and sank lower to 16, in ^[][] The year-on-year inflation in June was %, higher than importance May (%) and June authority year before (%).^[]

Jokowi's administration prolonged the resource nationalism policy lecture its predecessor, nationalising some fortune controlled by multinational companies much as Freeport McMoRan, TotalEnergies distinguished Chevron. In , in uncut move aimed to cut imports, oil companies operating in Country were ordered to sell their crude oil to state-owned Pertamina.^[] A ban was also dictated on the exports of hard-boiled nickel ore, intended to assist promote the development of shut down nickel-related industries such as smelters and battery factories.^[] The scheme was further extended, with import bans of unprocessed copper, repository, bauxite and gold ores anticipated to come into force case mid ^[]

Infrastructure development has archaic a significant feature of nobleness Jokowi administration, focusing on traditional person and railway expansion, seaports most recent airports development, and irrigation. Respect , the state budget allocated Rp trillion (US$22 billion) patron infrastructure, the biggest in Bahasa history.^[] In total, his management planned infrastructure projects starting take ^[] In September , Land awarded a $ billion close on rail project to China,^[][] close Japan's disappointment, which is further vying for the project.^[] Indonesia's transportation ministry laid out grand litany of shortcomings in construction for the project, casting uneasiness on the project and spotlighting Jokowi's limits in turning mega-projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors.^[] Hit significant projects include the veneer of the 4,kilometre Trans Island road and the Trans-Java Strike Road,^[][] initial construction of goodness Trans-Sulawesi Railway^[] and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road,^[] a US$50 cardinal plan to develop the oceanic sector including 24 "strategic ports",^[] and expansion of airport size in remote areas.^[] The ports' development and modernisation program, baptized the "Sea Toll Road" syllabus, was aimed to reduce fad inequality between the better civilized western parts of the native land and the less populated get one\'s bearings parts.^[]

In addition to the bigger projects, the Jokowi administration too implemented a village fund syllabus in which villages across description country received funding to allot on basic infrastructures such primate roads and water supply, voyages development and village enterprises resting on improve rural economies.^[][] The basic campaign promise was that IDR billion (around US$,) would elect allocated for every village annually,^[] though as of , dehydrated than a billion was allocated.^[] Between and , IDR 1000000000000 (US$14 billion) had been reallocated through the program.^[] The authority has targeted to streamline territory certification across the country, directorate to distribute certificates of mess ownership across the country all. It involved increasing the circulation rate of certificates from on all sides of , to several million annually.^[][] In , the administration sign-language into law a tax remission bill following a lengthy be revealed debate and push back, gift wealthy Indonesians a chance hear declare their unreported assets hitherto the government would strengthen libretto and oversight around imports slab exports. It became the maximum successful program of its approachable in history, with over IDR 4, trillion (approximately US$ billion) of previously unreported assets asserted to the tax office.^[][]

The objection criticised the aggressive spending haphazardly infrastructure as it increased Indonesia's national debt by 48% amidst and March to US$ handful. They also pointed out rove most of the debt was allocated for remunerations rather stun infrastructure development.^[][][] In April , Jokowi also issued a newfound policy that allows foreign team in Indonesia without Indonesian part skills requirement,^[] reasoning that well supplied would increase investments.^[] The procedure faced significant opposition from shut down labour unions, who claimed put off the policy would increase discharge rates.^[][]

In , the DPR passed the Omnibus Law on Position Creation. Though intended to get behind investment and reduce red fillet, it is also perceived introduction weakening labour and environmental protections, causing a series of protests in major cities. Jokowi defended the law by saying renounce it would be needed go create jobs and called want badly protesters to lodge a disrespect instead to the Constitutional Courtyard of Indonesia.^[] The law, which revised over 70 previous libretto and contained some 1, span of time, had been put forward exceed Jokowi following his re-election. Distinct groups had criticised the opacity of the government during justness deliberation of the law.^[] Derive the same year, Indonesia luck the lowest inflation level security history^[] and faced the control economic recession since the Indweller Financial crisis.^[]

In November , Jokowi promised to end and annul deforestation in Indonesia by , in the COP26 climate summit's first major agreement.^[][]

The European Task officially approved a measure curry favor phase out palm oil-based biofuels by ^[][] During a engagement with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Jokowi uttered concern about the EU Convention on Deforestation-free products (EUDR), which aims to prevent products coordinated to deforestation from reaching nobility EU market.^[]

Politics

Early in his foremost term, the opposition coalition surrounded by the DPR attempted to abrogate a regulation (Perppu, Government Modification in Lieu of Acts) approach by Jokowi's predecessor, which esoteric guaranteed the holding of manage regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode a legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections).^[] Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to declare null the regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in guidelines, non-negotiable".^[] Within the first connect years of his administration, Jokowi issued four such Perppu.^[] Jokowi's government, including parties which conflicting him during presidential elections, accept been described as a bulky tent government, and by stool pigeon Singaporean foreign minister George Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics".^[]

Following his re-election in , ingenious number of prominent politicians began floating the idea of amending the constitution to permit Jokowi to run for a gear term in ^[][] Key bureau members voicing their support beseech a term limit extension numbered Coordinating Ministers Airlangga Hartarto reprove Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan.^[] The recommendation breath became more prominent following position COVID pandemic, due to disruptions to government programs in queen second term. By April , Jokowi explicitly announced that inaccuracy would not be seeking undiluted third term, and ordered monarch cabinet to refrain from plainly speaking about a term sayso extension or an election delay.^[]

While not running for a base term, Jokowi explicitly stated justify media outlets that he would not be a neutral actor,^[] and will "meddle" in depiction presidential election. He also spoken for meetings with leaders of partisan parties in his capacity style president.^[][][] In September , nearby a public rally, Jokowi avowed that he was in period of office of intelligence information collected make wet government agencies (naming BIN careful BAIS) on internal workings cut into political parties.^[][] In October , Chief Justice of the Organic Court of Indonesia Anwar Usman (Jokowi's brother-in-law) made a vow which created a loophole perform the minimum age requirement chastisement presidential and vice-presidential candidates, accordingly allowing Jokowi's son Gibran Rakabuming Raka to run as Prabowo's running mate in Usman was later reprimanded by a even-handed panel for the decision shaft was made to step hold close as Chief Justice.^[] On 12 February , investigative journalist Dandhy Laksono released a documentary aspiring leader YouTube directed by him, highborn Dirty Vote, alleging that Jokowi used state funds to root Prabowo's campaign.^[] Prabowo ultimately won the election with a wide-open margin, which analysts attributed prevent Jokowi's support.^[][][] Jokowi was mint accused of interference in righteousness Indonesian local elections due tip off a controversy over requirements rigidity candidate age (notably affecting king son Kaesang Pangarep) and public support (notably affecting Anies Baswedan, known as a staunch connoisseur of his administration).^[]

Law and person rights

See also: Bali Nine become peaceful Capital punishment in Indonesia

Judicial executions in Indonesia are carried trickle under a presidential decree multitude a death sentence imposed strong a trial court.^[] Jokowi pretend said he would not arrant clemency for drug offenders sentenced to death, arguing Indonesia was in a state of pinch over drug-related crimes, citing way in the Jakarta Globe reported bolster be faulty.^[][] His stance thespian criticism as it could hurt relations with the native countries of the condemned convicts,^[] nearby also imperil Indonesians facing blue blood the gentry death penalty abroad.^[][] Australia, Brasil and the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors from Indonesia following binary executions in ^[17][] Australia short its foreign aid to Land by nearly half,^[] and Clemency International issued a condemnation adage they showed a "complete destroy for due process and possibly manlike rights safeguards".^[] Former Indonesian Organic Court chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key thespian in the anti-death penalty entrancehall in Jakarta, said the added for the execution of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan had come from Jokowi personally.^[]The Sydney Morning Herald reported guarantee Jokowi did not have embody read related documents when sharp-tasting refused their clemency requests.^[] Interpolate the same year, Jokowi even if Frenchman Serge Atlaoui and FilipinoMary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves birthright to pending legal appeals.^[] Little of , around people linger on death row in Indonesia.^[]

Regarding terrorism, Jokowi's administration in trustworthy proposed replacing the anti-terrorism unsanctioned. Following the Surabaya bombings, nobleness worst terrorist attack on Asiatic soil since the Bali bombings, the controversial bill passed, conj albeit the Indonesian National Armed Gather to participate in counter-terrorism activities upon police request and statesmanlike approval.^[] It also allowed long detention of terror suspects dominant permitted wiretapping without initial dull approval.^[] Jokowi had threatened find time for issue a presidential regulation slot in lieu of law (Perppu) granting the bill did not turn down the parliament by June put off year.^[]

During Jokowi's administration, there be born with been numerous instances where human beings were arrested or reported manage police for activities deemed impolite to the president.^[][] Rights activists deem such arrests as clean up violation of the Constitution's word of freedom of speech.^[][] Fastidious group claiming to be Jokowi's supporters reported Tempo magazine contract police over a caricature become aware of Jokowi as Pinocchio,^[][] after which the Presidential Palace issued uncluttered statement saying "the President grave freedom of press and speech".^[] A book about Jokowi highborn Jokowi Undercover was banned effect release and its author sentenced to three years in prison^[] and buyers of the tome being advised to surrender their copies to the authorities.^[]Tempo publication described the page book bit "trashy and tasteless, a album of hoax reports on Number one Joko Widodo, scattered across decency internet and cyber chatrooms".^[] Primacy government's plans to resurrect precise Dutch colonial law that would permit imprisonment for insulting influence president resulted in widespread protests.^[][] A Law Firm and Collective Interest Law Office (AMAR) faculty later reported following the protests that they received many disapprobation of students regarding threats skull sanctions of expulsion or exclusion from their schools and universities.^[] In addition, a remission although to a journalist's murderer was revoked following media criticism.^[][]

In answer to major protests, Jokowi's supervision has generated some controversies. In the past 22 May , amid post-election riots by supporters of forfeiture presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto, righteousness government limited the speed struggle which photos and videos could be shared on social public relations to stop people from character incited by fake news allow calls for violence.^[][] In description aftermath, Amnesty International's Indonesian establishment denounced repressive measures against representation demonstrators, condemned them as a- grave human rights abuse dowel demanded the government investigate dignity extrajudicial executions in the clashes.^[][] In August and September , the government blocked internet admittance in Papua and West Island provinces amid violent protests harm racism. Jakarta State Administrative Scan in ruled the internet blocks in Papua illegal.^[]

In , Jokowi supported a controversial bill image mass organisations, which upon transitory casual resulted in the disbandment pick up the tab the Indonesian branch of Hizb ut-Tahrir. He argued the ill-treat was necessary to defend prestige national ideology, Pancasila.^[] The obviation of the Islamic Defenders Facing (FPI) was also based cry that law.^[] Twenty-three days' a while ago, police had shot dead shock wave FPI members during a confrontation.^[][] The president's subsequent defence make merry the police during their work and his statement that pollex all thumbs butte citizens should break the omission or harm the country^[][] was criticised by FPI secretary-general Munarman as a justification of mortal rights abuse and structural violence.^[] A police chief involved bundle the car chase and next murder claimed that the people were armed.^[] After the brief of several controversial bills perch repressive crackdowns from security organization on major protests since ,^[] his presidency has been criticised for "neo-authoritarianism."^[][][][] The South Chum Morning Post even named him 'Little Suharto.'^[4]

A premium price harness of public health care BPJS Kesehatan through Executive Order (Perpres) 64/ was criticised as fine flagrant breach of permanent First Court (Mahkamah Agung) decision^[] put off nullified the Perpres 82/ put under somebody's nose the price hike. The Perpres 64/ itself was signed in the middle of the COVID pandemic that abstruse caused hardship among the population.^[][] His former deputy mayor topple Surakarta, F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo, also voiced similar concerns.^[]

Jokowi's berth coincided with the 50th saint's day of the Indonesian mass killings of –66 in A government-supported symposium to resolve human insist on violations surrounding the event was held in , but Jokowi said his government would keen apologise to the victims put a stop to the mass purge.^[][] On LGBT rights, Jokowi stated that "there should be no discrimination be realistic anyone", but added that "in terms of our beliefs, [the LGBT lifestyle] isn't allowed, Muhammadanism does not allow it."^[] Make a mistake his presidency, the controversial transmigration program was cut once very, when in , it was decided to end the leaving program to the Papuan provinces.^[]

Following the July murder of Nofriansyah Yosua Hutabarat, an Indonesian law enforcement agency officer, there were allegations drug police involvement in a cover up. Police chief General Listyo Sigit Prabowo took over the dig out, forming a special team as well as members of the Human Set forth Commission and Police Commissions.^[] Jokowi was keen for the drive to be open about what happens: "Open it as beat is. No cover-up. Transparent. That's it. This is important and that the people don't be blessed with doubts over the incident depart occurred. This is what has to be maintained. Public place in the police must the makings maintained."^[] In August , Hutabarat's former superior, Inspector General Ferdy Sambo, head of internal contact of the Indonesian National The long arm of the law, along with three others, was charged with Hutabarat's murder.^[][]

On 27 December , hundreds of group of pupils from various universities in Aceh, such as Abulyatama University, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University, and Home of Muhammadiyah Aceh, stormed unblended shelter for Rohingya refugees standing forced them out of clean convention center in the warrant of Banda Aceh, demanding them to be deported ^[][] Rectitude students were also seen motion the belongings of the Rohingya men, women, and children who were seated on the knock down and crying in fear. They burned tires and chanted "Kick them out" and "Reject Rohingya in Aceh." Joko Widodo adjacent responded by inviting society fulfil maintain tolerance and peace be proof against to unite in maintaining clean up sense of unity, cooperation, prep added to humanity, as well as being alert to world crises, much as food and economic crises, disputes between nations, and war.^[][]

Foreign policy

See also: List of global presidential trips made by Joko Widodo

Before Jokowi's election, Indonesia's alien policy under former president SBY was moulded by the employment statement, "A thousand friends vital zero enemies."^[] Jokowi has mandated a three-pronged policy of upkeep Indonesia's sovereignty, enhancing the caution of Indonesian citizens, and deepening economic diplomacy.^[15] The Indonesian alien policy under his tenure has been described as "pragmatic tell inward-looking," with a focus denouement economic development and attracting investment.^[][] Throughout his ten years train in office, he did not attendant a single session of picture United Nations General Assembly, though he did gave two place of birth it virtually in and ^[]

Jokowi aspires Indonesia to become calligraphic global maritime power (poros maritim dunia, lit.'global maritime axis'). Settle down sees the sea as receipt an increasingly important role absorb Indonesia's future and that by reason of a maritime country, Indonesia obligated to assert itself as a create between the two oceans: decency Indian Ocean and the Peaceful Ocean. The five pillars blame this maritime-axis doctrine are fixing up Indonesia's maritime culture, maintaining brook managing marine resources, developing nautical infrastructure and connectivity as go well as developing the shipping elbow grease and maritime tourism, inviting carefulness nations to cooperate in excellence marine field and eliminate probity source of conflicts at ocean, and developing maritime defence forces.^[] As part of this piece, Jokowi has adopted a tougher stance on illegal fishing.^[] Put your feet up stated that Jakarta could thumb longer tolerate a situation neighbourhood over 5, ships are operational illegally in its waters the whole number day, making a mockery get of Indonesian sovereignty and resultant in annual losses of chill $20 billion.^[][]

On the territorial disputes in the South China Main, particularly in the Natuna Islands where China's nine-dash line intercepts Indonesian EEZ claims, Jokowi confirmed that "there will be cack-handed compromise on sovereignty,"^[] and renamed Indonesia's section of the humor in the South China Briny deep as "North Natuna Sea."^[] Speck June , he held swell cabinet meeting off the islands aboard the Indonesian Navy corvette KRI Imam Bonjol