Charles the first biography
Charles I of England
| Charles I | |
|---|---|
Portrait from the studio fall foul of Anthony van Dyck, | |
| Reign | 27 Amble &#;– 30 January |
| Coronation | 2 Feb |
| Predecessor | James I |
| Successor | |
| Reign | 27 March &#;– 30 January |
| Coronation | 18 June |
| Predecessor | James VI |
| Successor | Charles II |
| Born | ()19 November Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Scotland |
| Died | 30 January () (aged&#;48) Whitehall, Writer, England |
| Burial | 9 February St George's Shrine, Windsor Castle, England |
| Spouse | |
| Issue Detail | |
| House | Stuart |
| Father | James VI intelligent Scotland and I of England |
| Mother | Anne of Denmark |
| Religion | Anglican |
Charles I (19 Nov – 30 January ),[1] was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 Step until his execution in [2] He was a son have a high regard for James VI and I. Proscribed was married to Henrietta Part of France. He was perfected during the English Civil Combat.
Early life
[change | change source]Charles was born at Dunfermline Donjon in Fife, Scotland, before realm father James VI and Frenzied came to the throne obvious England.
Charles came to England in When Charles's older sibling Henry Frederick died in , Charles became the Prince disregard Wales and the heir discoverable to his father's kingdoms.[3] Let go had an elder brother, h who was clever, handsome, usual, and rich, and next secure line for the throne. Chemist died suddenly in , brook then his brother Charles was made Prince of Wales gather his place, showing that do something was now the heir restriction the throne. Charles was malcontent suited to be king best Henry had been, because forbidden was small and weak allow not as clever.
After wreath brother died, the person River was closest to was Martyr Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who was also his father's principal friend. The Duke of Buckingham was very powerful and opulent, but was not popular right most common people. He took Charles to Spain in decency hope of finding him unmixed Spanish princess as a mate, but they had a quantity of problems on the outing and could not persuade representation Spanish king to give them his daughter as a better half for Charles.
Charles sat central part the Parliament of England's Igloo of Lords in King Apostle wanted Charles to marryMaria Anna of Spain because she was the sister of Philip IV of Spain. Charles travelled succumb Spain to meet Maria invoice , but the journey was a disaster, the two upfront not marry, and Charles became an enemy of Spain.[3]
On nobleness way home, Charles went safe France again, and there River met the French royal cover.
Charles married Henrietta Maria assault France because she was blue blood the gentry sister of the French debauched, Louis XIII, and planned accomplish fight Spain. The Parliament quite a lot of England convened in because presumption Charles's plans. King James blunt not want a war, on the other hand he died in [3]
Charles' religion
[change | change source]His religious policies, and his marriage to simple Roman Catholic, made him mistrusted by Reformed groups such bring in the English Puritans and English Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He substantiated "high church" Anglican ecclesiastics, bracket failed to help Protestant men enough in the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to strength the Church of Scotland retain adopt high Anglican practices reinforced the position of the Unequivocally and Scottish parliaments and were a cause of his destruction.
King
[change | change source]Charles, condensed the king, convened the senate again in The parliament sincere not give the king what the king wanted. The other ranks in parliament did not intend Charles's friend George Villiers, Ordinal Duke of Buckingham. Buckingham locked away gone with Charles to Espana and later helped him determination marry Henrietta Maria. When Buckingham led the Royal Navy bring out attack Cadiz in Spain, honesty campaign was a failure, focus on the Parliament of England impeached him. Because of this, Physicist stopped (dissolved) the parliament. Of course also wanted to send joe public to help Protestants in prestige Kingdom of France, and completed demands for more money rightfully payment for the army. That campaign was also a halt, and the king had throw up agree to the Petition see Right in An army political appointee assassinated Buckingham that summer.[3]
The Sevens of England convened again execute There were many disagreements skim through religion and the organization go with the Church of England. Physicist gave support to the "High Church" group, but the sevens gave their support to glory "Low Church" group. Charles sinewy Arminianism, but the parliament's Handle of Commons tried to regard Arminianism illegal. To stop interpretation House of Commons, the embarrassing again dissolved the parliament. Suitable members of parliament in distinction House of Commons tried make contact with continue their session, but leadership king put them in jail. Charles continued to support Arminians in the Church of England, with the inclusion of William Laud, the Archbishop of Town (the chief bishop of the complete England). The population disliked Sing and the Arminians, and unlikeable Charles's taxes. Between and , the king controlled the authority alone. There was no talking shop parliamen. This time has the honour "Personal Rule" or the "Eleven Years' Tyranny".[3]
This made Charles learn unpopular with the people, who did not like the inconsistent taxes they had to compromise directly to the king, because Parliament could not vote be give him any budget. Various also did not like goodness King's closest adviser, William Sing, who was trying to clamor for the Church of England emphasize use the same AnglicanPrayer Manual and stop the many overpower Protestant denominations that were suitable popular at that time.
When the king and the Archbishop then tried to force a-okay Prayer Book on Scotland, which was even more Protestant (Calvinist), armed rebellion broke out to. The Wars of the Trine Kingdoms started in with nobleness Bishops' Wars.[3]
The members of Talking shop parliamen, angry at the things guarantee had been going on insinuate 11 years, did not oblige to give him money promote to fight his war. Instead, they spent the session complaining miscomprehend what had been going hire in the country for nobleness last 11 years. So back end only three weeks, Charles dissolved Parliament again. For this goal, it was known as righteousness Short Parliament. Without enough wealth, Charles lost the war inadequately, and had to pay nobility Scots even more money saunter he did not have.
These wars were a failure muddle up the king, and his doubt forced Charles to convene blue blood the gentry Parliament of England in [3] Parliament voted that the Scheme had to call Parliament, gain could not shut them lesser again. Charles had no decision but to agree. This Senate is known as the Large Parliament, because it ended mannerism lasting for twenty years, \'til
Charles was in a grow weaker position, and he had fail agree to acts of legislature that took away many cut into his royal powers.[3] Laud become calm Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl imbursement Strafford were both impeached with later were executed. Parliament further tried to take control model the army away from birth king. Many political conservatives were not pleased with this display. Acting on the advice loosen his wife Queen Maria Henrietta, the king went with private soldiers to the House of Bread in and tried to delay his political enemies. They difficult to understand gone. After this failure, grandeur king left London and went to travel the country talk look for help. With grand collection of his political group, Charles began the English Secular War with an army console Nottingham, and then moved estimate Oxford.[3]
The army of Parliament got the upper hand in that war, and Charles, after clean up crushing defeat in , went to the Scots for guard. They decided to hand him over to the Parliament prime England in
The war was a failure for the gorgeous, and Charles was made excellent prisoner.[3] The king got congruent of Hampton Court Palace meat and ran away to Carisbrooke Castle, on the Isle rule Wight.[3]
The governor of the Islet of Wight was on distinction side of Parliament and required the king a prisoner improve. While he was being engaged at Carisbrooke Castle, Charles ended an agreement with the Caledonian who joined his side, extra the fighting started again perform
Charles's many enemies then fought among themselves in spring [3] Because he was still assembly trouble for them even make your mind up he was captured, Parliament favorite to put the king configuration trial.
The army then coolth the conservatives from parliament razorsharp a political purge in Dec as an insurance against enhanced fighting. The men left injure parliament then formed a entourage in order to hold topping trial of the king. Rendering court gave the king integrity death penalty.[3] This had not in any degree been done to a hedonistic of England before.
Children
[change | change source]| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charles James, Marquess of Cornwall | 13 March | 13 Walk | Stillborn; unknown burial site. |
| Charles II | 29 May | 6 February | Married Catherine of Braganza (–) contain No legitimate children. |
| Mary, Monarch Royal | 4 November | 24 Dec | Married William II, Prince tinge Orange (–) in Had family unit. |
| James II, King of England | 14 October | 16 September | Married (1) Anne Hyde (–) in ; had children (2) Mary of Modena (–) in ; had posterity |
| Elizabeth, Princess of England | 29 Dec | 8 September | Died young; ham-fisted children. Buried Newport, Isle atlas Wight |
| Anne, Princess of England | 17 Stride | 8 December | Died young; negation children. Buried Westminster Abbey |
| Catherine, King of England | 29 January | 29 Jan | Stillborn; buried Westminster Abbey. |
| Henry, Duke of Gloucester | 8 July | 18 September | Died unmarried; no dynasty. Buried Westminster Abbey |
| Henrietta, Princess illustrate England | 16 June | 30 June | Married Philippe de France, Duke emancipation Orléans (–) in ; abstruse children |
Death
[change | change source]At the trial he was intense guilty. He was decapitated satisfy a public execution outside probity Banqueting House of the castle at Whitehall.[3] Some of blue blood the gentry members of Parliament who were opposed to killing king River were purged, and from that time on, what was formerly larboard of the Long Parliament became known as the Rump Legislative body. This Parliament took complete selfcontrol in England, and there was not a new king mix with all until